Understanding WCAG 2. Text Alternatives: Understanding Guideline 1. Guideline 1. 1: Provide text alternatives for any non- text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler language. Electronic text has the unique advantage that it is presentation neutral. That is, it. can be rendered visually, auditorily, tactilely, or by any combination. As a result, information rendered in electronic text can be presented in whatever form best meets the needs of the user. It can also be easily enlarged, spoken aloud so that it is easier for people with reading disabilities to understand, or rendered in whatever tactile form best meets the needs of a user. Note: While changing the content into symbols includes changing it into graphic symbols for people with developmental disorders and speech comprehension difficulties, it is not limited to this use of symbols. If there are techniques, however, for addressing this guideline that do not fall under any of the success criteria, they are listed here. These techniques are not required or sufficient for meeting any success criteria, but can make certain types of Web content more accessible to more people. Providing sign language videos for audio- only files (future link). Non- text Content: Understanding SC 1. Non- text Content: All non- text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for the situations listed below. Providing text alternatives allows the information to be rendered in a variety of ways by a variety of user agents. For example, a person who cannot see a picture can have the text alternative read aloud using synthesized speech. A person who cannot hear an audio file can have the text alternative displayed so that he or she can read it. In the future, text alternatives will also allow information to be more easily translated into sign language or into a simpler form of the same language. As is described in the paper Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA, CAPTCHAs intrinsically push the edges of human abilities in an attempt to defeat automated processes. Every type of CAPTCHA will be unsolvable by users with certain disabilities. However, they are widely used, and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group believes that if CAPTCHAs were forbidden outright, Web sites would choose not to conform to WCAG rather than abandon CAPTCHA. This would create barriers for a great many more users with disabilities. For this reason the Working Group has chosen to structure the requirement about CAPTCHA in a way that meets the needs of most people with disabilities, yet is also considered adoptable by sites. Requiring two different forms of CAPTCHA on a given site ensures that most people with disabilities will find a form they can use. Because some users with disabilities will still not be able to access sites that meet the minimum requirements, the Working Group provides recommendations for additional steps. Organizations motivated to conform to WCAG should be aware of the importance of this topic and should go as far beyond the minimum requirements of the guidelines as possible. Guided highlighting mode takes your classic full page of text and bolds the words as it moves through them, training your eyes to follow the highlighted phrase while. Revision History; Revision 3.2: : gcc: Converted from DocBook to AsciiDoc. Revision 3.1: : gcc: Moved Lua reference from User's Guide to Developer. Introduction. Thank you for installing the Crestron Toolbox. The following sections are available in the release notes: NEW Changes Since Last Version. Before attempting the follwing procedure, for more safety, please consider our tutorial Backup iPhone Contacts. Connect your iPhone to your Computer ( iTunes should. Windows 10 (Redstone 2) Preview for Mobile Build 15063. Released to Fast Ring: 20 March 2017. Source: Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 15063 for PC and Mobile. Additional recommended steps include: Providing more than two modalities of CAPTCHAs. Providing access to a human customer service representative who can bypass CAPTCHANot requiring CAPTCHAs for authorized users. Additional information. Non- text content can take a number of forms, and this Success Criterion specifies how each is to be handled. For these types of non- text content, text alternatives provide a descriptive label. Examples include a symphony performance, works of visual art etc. For such content, text alternatives at least identify the non- text content with a descriptive label and where possible, additional descriptive text. If the reason for including the content in the page is known and can be described it is helpful to include that information. Sometimes there are non- text exercises that are used to prove you are human. To avoid spam robots and other software from gaining access to a site a device called a CAPTCHA is used. These usually involve visual or auditory tasks that are beyond the current capabilities of Web robots. Providing a text alternative to them would however make them operable by Robots, thus defeating their purpose. In this case a text alternative would describe the purpose of the CAPTCHA, and alternate forms using different modalities would be provided to address the needs of people with different disabilities. Transparent images used to move text over on a page; an invisible image that is used to track usage statistics; and a swirl in the corner that conveys no information but just fills up a blank space to create an aesthetic effect are all examples of this. This exclusive Windows 10 tutorial will help you if: You want to remove Cortana. The computer runs Windows XP Home Edition. Putting alternative text on such items just distracts people using screen readers from the content on the page. Not marking the content in any way, though, leaves users guessing what the non- text content is and what information they may have missed (even though they have not missed anything in reality). This type of non- text content, therefore, is marked or implemented in a way that assistive technologies (AT) will ignore it and not present anything to the user. Assistive technology can read text aloud, present it visually, or convert it to braille. Text alternatives may help some people who have difficulty understanding the meaning of photographs, drawings, and other images (e. Research is ongoing regarding automatic translation of text into sign language. The short label says, . Where possible and practical, the actual data is provided in a table. There is no audio and the animation is part of a tutorial that describes how an engine works. Since the text of the tutorial already provides a full explanation, the image is an alternative for text and the text alternative includes only a brief description of the animation and refers to the tutorial text for more information. After a camera is selected, the image updates every two minutes. A short text alternative identifies the Web camera as . The table is also updated every two minutes. The text alternative says, . The image of the president shaking hands with the prime minister appears on a Web site discussing intricate diplomatic relationships. The first text alternative reads, . The additional description might be included on the same page as the photograph or in a separate file associated with the image through a link or other standard programmatic mechanism. The link text identifies the audio recording. The page also links to a text transcript of the press conference. The transcript includes a verbatim record of everything the speakers say. It identifies who is speaking as well as noting other significant sounds that are part of the recording, such as applause, laughter, questions from the audience, and so on. The chime sound indicates that the answer is correct and the beep sound indicates that the answer is incorrect. A text description is also included so that people who can't hear or understand the sound understand whether the answer is correct or incorrect. The text alternative says . The same image is used as a link on a university Web site with the text alternative . Select a room for more information. However, it is not necessary to use these particular techniques. For information on using other techniques, see Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria, particularly the . Not all techniques can be used or would be effective in all situations. General Techniques for Informative Non- Text Content (Advisory)Identifying informative non- text content (future link)Keeping short descriptions short (future link)Describing images that include text (future link)Providing a longer description of the non- text content where only a descriptive label is required using a technology- specific technique (for an accessibility- supported content technology) for long description listed above (future link)Providing different sizes for non- text content when it cannot have an equivalent accessible alternative (future link)Using server- side scripts to resize images of text (future link)General Techniques for Live Non- Text Content (Advisory)Linking to textual information that provides comparable information (e. Webcam, a municipality could provide a link to the text traffic report.) (future link)General techniques to minimize the barrier of CAPTCHAs. Providing more than two modalities of CAPTCHAs (future link)Providing access to a human customer service representative who can bypass CAPTCHA (future link)Not requiring CAPTCHAs for authorized users (future link)HTML Techniques (Advisory)H4. Using noembed with embed. Writing for browsers that do not support frame (future link). Providing alternative content for iframe (future link). Not using long descriptions for iframe (future link). Providing redundant text links for client- side image maps (future link). CSS Techniques (Advisory)WAI- ARIA Techniques (Advisory)Using the ARIA presentation role to indicate elements are purely presentational (future link). Silverlight Techniques (Advisory)Metadata Techniques (Advisory) Using metadata to associate text transcriptions with a video (future link) Using metadata to associate text transcriptions with audio- only content (future link) EXAMPLE: Providing, in metadata, URI(s) that points to an audio description and a text transcript of a video. It is named after famed computer scientist Alan Turing. The term was coined by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University. Many mainstream user agents provide some features to assist individuals with disabilities. The basic difference is that mainstream user agents target broad and diverse audiences that usually include people with and without disabilities. Assistive technologies target narrowly defined populations of users with specific disabilities. The assistance provided by an assistive technology is more specific and appropriate to the needs of its target users.
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